Louie Wong

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) provides connectionless services for application-level procedures. UDP is an unreliable service; delivery and duplicate protection are not guaranteed. This does reduce the overhead of the protocol and may be adequate in many cases. Connectionless service is more robust. UDP sits on top of IP. UDP header includes a source port (16 Read More …

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a network protocol, which maps a network layer protocol address to a data link layer hardware address. For example, ARP is used to resolve IP address to the corresponding Ethernet address. ARP belongs to the OSI data link layer (Layer 2). ARP protocol is implemented by the network protocol Read More …

In circuit switching, a connection is established between two network nodes before they begin transmitting data. Bandwidth is dedicated to this connection and remains available until the users terminate communication between the two nodes. While the nodes remain connected, all data follows the same path initially selected by the switch. This works much like a Read More …